Third Qua Na Mhen...

Yessss.... Third Qua na :))

Ang tanging goal ko lang ngayong qua ay...

I-FLAT 1 ang Comp.Sci.

Dear Sir Tom,

       Sana po tulungan mo akong maka-flat 1 sa comp. sci. ngayon third quarter. Please po. Kahit one time lang po gusto ko mag-DL. Bagsak na nga po ako sa math at pehm. PLEASE.

Truly Yours,

Joellee :))

Spreadshet For Data Analysis

Introduction...

• Worksheet is the page you work on which is made up of grid cells.
• Cell/Selected Cell is where you type data/formula into.

Column/Row Heading: Use the column/row headings to identify a cells position on the worksheet i.e. A12, B6. Click heading buttons to select a whole column/row of cells.

Name Box: Holds a cell’s selected reference number – it’s position on the worksheet

-is a standardized representation for a particular kind of data

•CURRENCY : -922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 922,337,203,685,477.5807 with four decimal digits of fixed precision.
•DATETIME: Valid dates are all dates after January 1, 1900.

• LOGICAL/Boolean – true or false
• NUMBER
                    – Whole Number from (-2^63) to (2^63-1)
                    – Decimal Number -1.79E +308 through -2.23E - 308,                        0, 2.23E -308 through 1.79E + 308
• TEXT 268,435,456 Unicode characters 

Source: moodle.pshs.brc.edu.ph 

Formula

Formula
– an expression used to perform calculations
– begin with an equal ( = ) sign
– Composed of operands and operators
– May contain constants, cell references, ranges, and grouping symbols

Operators Used in Formula
          *Operators specify the kind of calculation that you want to perform on the elements of a formula. Excel performs calculations in a standard order, but you can also control the order of calculations.

Operator Precedence in Excel Formula

     *If you combine several operators in a single formula, Excel performs the operations in the order shown in the following table. If a formula contains operators with the same precedence — for example, if a formula contains both a multiplication and division operator — Excel evaluates the operators from left to right.

Sources:  moodle.pshs-brc.edu.ph

                office.microsoft.com

                spreadsheets.abou.com

Functions

Functions

– A predefined formula 
– May require arguments as inputs 
– Returns a value 
– May be used together with other functions  and other operations 

Examples:
=PRODUCT(150,.05) 
=SUM(A1,A2) 
=AVERAGE(B1:B10) 
=COUNTA(A1:A100) 
=NOW() 
=MAX(Z2:Z5) 

=MIN(Z4:Z8)

ERRORS
• #DIV/0! 
• #N/A – missing data/found no match 
• #NAME? - undefined range or cell name 
• #NULL! - two ranges that don’t actually intersect 
• #NUM! - pass an invalid argument to a function 
• #REF! - invalid cell reference 
• #VALUE! - argument for a function is of an incorrect data type


Sources:
http://office.microsoft.com
http://spreadsheets.about.com
http://moodle.pshs-brc.edu.ph/

Cell Reference

A string identifying a particular cell in a spreadsheet, possibly relative to the cell containing the reference. A cell reference may be absolute (denoted by a "$" prefix in Excel ) or relative (no prefix) in each dimension, thus, e.g. B$6 refers to the second cell across in the sixth row.

Single Cell- A1
Cell B1 and B2- B1,B2
Range from C1 to C5- C1:C5
Range from A1 to L1- A1:L1

Reference Types 
• Relative - automatically changes when the  formula is copied down a column or across a row 
• Absolute - cell reference is fixed, doesn’t  change when copied to other cells. 
• Uses $ sign like: $A$1 
• Mixed - has either an absolute column and  a relative row, or an absolute row and a relative column 

• Like A$1 or $A1

Referencing other the Sheet
• Same file 
         – Manual selection 
         – Use a formula 
         • Ex: Sheet2!A1 
• Different file 
          – Manual selection 
          – Use a formula 
        • Ex: [File2.xlsx]Sheet1!$A$1 

          •Absolute by default


Sources:
http://office.microsoft.com
http://moodle.pshs-brc.edu.ph

Logical Operation and Function

1. 
   
   The concept of logical operators is simple. They allow a program to make a decision based on multiple conditions. Each operand is considered a condition that can be evaluated to a true or false value. Then the value of the conditions is used to determine the overall value of the op1 operator op2 or !op1 grouping.
2. 
   

   Functions 

   =AND( logical1, logical2, … ) 

   =OR( logical1, logical2, … ) 

   =NOT( logical)

Source:

http://moodle.pshs-brc.edu.ph/

IF

IF Function 
returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE, and another value if that condition evaluates to FALSE

=IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

Example of Single Range
=IF(AND(A1>0,A1<11),“Valid",“Invalid") 

Example of Exact Value

=IF(A1=1,“One", IF(A1=0,“Zero",”Invalid”)) 

Example of Ranges

=IF(AND(A1>0,A1<11),“One to Ten", IF(AND(A1>11,A1<21), “Eleven to Twenty",“Invalid"))

Sources:

http://moodle.pshs-brc.edu.ph/

Conditional Formatting

1. Conditional formatting is a feature of Excel which allows you to apply a format to a cell or a range of cells based on certain criteria. For example the following rules are used to highlight cells in the conditional_format.py example: worksheet.

• Highlight Rules 
• Top/Bottom Rules 
• Data Bars 
• Color Scales 
• Icon Sets Add your new rule!

Adding New Rule 

 - add a formula that contains a

condition and add new formatting. 

Ex: =A1=“True”

Sources:

http://moodle.pshs-brc.edu.ph/

office.microsoft.com

Data Representation

1. Data Representation refers to the methods used internally to represent information stored in a computer. Computers store lots of different types of information: numbers. text.

Column charts
 - useful for showing data changes over a period of time or for illustrating comparisons among items.

Line charts
 - display continuous data over time, set against a common scale, and are therefore ideal for showing trends in data at equal intervals.
   

Pie charts
 - show the size of items in one data series, proportional to the sum of the items. The data points in a pie chart are displayed as a percentage of the whole pie.
 







 Bar charts
 - illustrate comparisons among individual items.
When to use:
     • The axis labels are long.
     • The values that are shown are durations.

Area charts 

 - emphasize the magnitude of change over time, and can be used to draw attention to the total value across a trend.

Sources:

http://moodle.pshs-brc.edu.ph/

office.microsoft.com 

Macros

1. A macro is a series of written instructions or recorded keystrokes and mouse actions. With a single keystroke, play back these activities at a much faster speed than can be performed manually. Eliminate wasted time and the risk of error that typically occur when performing repetitive tasks.

1. 
   
2. 
   
3. Macros are used to make a sequence of computing instructions available to the programmer as a single program statement, making the programming task less tedious and less error-prone.

Sources:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_%28computer_science%29